Backhoe Loader

I-backhoe loader yiyunithi enye eyenziwe ngamaqhekeza amathathu ezixhobo zokwakha. Ngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba "kumatasa kuzo zombini iziphelo". Ngexesha lokwakha, umqhubi ufuna kuphela ukuguqula isihlalo ukuze atshintshe isiphelo sokusebenza. Umsebenzi ophambili womthwalo we-backhoe kukugrumba imisele ukuya kwimibhobho yendlela kunye neentambo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, ukubeka iziseko zezakhiwo kunye nokuseka iinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi.

Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba abalayishi be-backhoe bakuzo zonke iziza zokwakha kungenxa yesidingo sokugrumba kunye nokuhambisa ukungcola kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo. Ngelixa ezinye izixhobo ezininzi zinokwenza umsebenzi onje, umlayishi we-backhoe unokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwakho. Xa kuthelekiswa, abalayishi be-backhoe baxinene ngakumbi kunezixhobo ezinkulu, ezinjongo-nye ezifana ne-crawler excavators. Kwaye ziyakwazi ukuhanjiswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokwakha kwaye zibaleke endleleni. Ngelixa isixhobo somlayishi omncinci kunye nesixhobo sokumba sinokuba ncinci kune-backhoe loader, ukusebenzisa isilayishi se-backhoe kunokonga ixesha elininzi kunye nemali ukuba unokontraka wenza imisebenzi yokwemba kunye nokulayisha.
Umlayishi we-backhoe uquka: i-powertrain, isiphelo sokulayisha, kunye nokuphela kokumba. Isixhobo ngasinye senzelwe uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi. Kwisiza sokwakha esiqhelekileyo, abasebenzi bokumba badla ngokufuna ukusebenzisa omathathu amacandelo ukuze umsebenzi wenziwe.

Uqeqesho lwamandla
Ubume obungundoqo bomthwalo we-backhoe yi-powertrain. I-powertrain yesilayishi se-backhoe yenzelwe ukubaleka ngokukhululekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezimagqagala. Ibandakanya injini ye-turbodiesel enamandla, amavili amakhulu anamazinyo anzulu kunye nekhebhu exhotyiswe ngolawulo lokuqhuba (ivili lokuqhuba, iziqhoboshi, njl.).
Umlayishi uhlanganiswe phambi kwesixhobo kwaye i-excavator ihlanganiswe ngasemva. La macandelo mabini abonelela ngemisebenzi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Abalayishi bangenza imisebenzi emininzi eyahlukeneyo. Kwizicelo ezininzi, unokucinga ngayo njengepani enkulu yothuli okanye ikofu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ayisetyenziselwa ukugrumba, kodwa isetyenziselwa ukuchola kunye nokuhambisa izixa ezikhulu zemathiriyeli. Kungenjalo, isenokusetyenziswa ukutyhala umhlaba njengekhuba, okanye ukugudisa umhlaba njengebhotolo kwisonka. Umsebenzisi unokulawula isilayishi ngelixa eqhuba itrektara.
I-excavator sisixhobo esiphambili somthwalo we-backhoe. Ingasetyenziselwa ukugrumba izinto ezixineneyo, eziqinileyo (ezidla ngokuba ngumhlaba) okanye ukuphakamisa izinto ezinzima (ezifana neekholvethi zebhokisi zogutyulo). I-excavator inokuphakamisa i-material kwaye ibeke ecaleni komngxuma. Ngamafutshane, i-excavator yingalo enamandla, enkulu okanye umnwe, oquka iinxalenye ezintathu: i-boom, i-emele kunye ne-emele.
Ezinye izinto ezongezelelweyo ezifumaneka kwi-backhoe loaders ziquka iinyawo ezimbini zokuzinza emva kwamavili angasemva. Ezi nyawo zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-excavator. Iinyawo zithatha impembelelo yobunzima be-excavator njengoko yenza imisebenzi yokumba. Ngaphandle kokuzinzisa iinyawo, ubunzima bomthwalo onzima okanye amandla asezantsi okugrumba buya kuwonakalisa amavili kunye namatayara, kwaye yonke itrektara iya kugxuma phezulu naphantsi. Ukuzinzisa kweenyawo kugcina itrektara izinzile kwaye inciphisa amandla empembelelo eyenziwa xa umgcini we-excavator emba. Iinyawo ezizinzisayo zikwakhusela itrektara ekutyibilikeni emingxunyeni okanye emiqolombeni.
iindlela zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo
1. Ngaphambi kokumba kunye ne-backhoe loader, umlomo kunye nemilenze yebhakethi yokulayisha kufuneka igxininiswe phantsi, ukwenzela ukuba amavili angaphambili nangemuva asuke kancinane emhlabeni, kwaye i-fuselage kufuneka igcinwe inqanaba lokuphucula ukuzinza. umatshini. Ngaphambi kokugrunjwa, i-emele yokulayisha kufuneka iguqulwe ukuze umlomo we-emele ujonge emhlabeni kwaye amavili angaphambili asuke kancinane emhlabeni. Cinezela kwaye utshixe i-pedal ye-brake, emva koko wandise i-outriggers ukuphakamisa amavili angasemva emhlabeni kwaye ugcine indawo ethe tye.
2. Ukuba i-boom ngokukhawuleza ibhuleka ngexesha lokuhla kwayo, impembelelo yempembelelo ebangelwa yi-inertia yayo iya konakalisa isixhobo sokumba kwaye itshabalalise ukuzinza komtshini, okubangela ingozi ye-tipping. Ngethuba lokusebenza, isibambo solawulo kufuneka sizinzile kwaye akufanele sihambe ngokukhawuleza; i-boom akufuneki iqhawulwe phakathi xa ihla. Musa ukusebenzisa izixhobo eziphezulu xa umba. Ukujikeleza kufuneka kube lula, ngaphandle kwempembelelo kwaye kusetyenziswe ukubetha emacaleni omsele. Ibhloko yesithinteli ngasemva kwisiphelo sebhoom kufuneka igcinwe injalo; ukuba yonakele, kufuneka ilungiswe ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa. Xa utshintsha, isixhobo sokumba kufuneka sibe kwindawo yokuthutha ephakathi, imilenze kufuneka ihoxiswe, kwaye ingalo yokuphakamisa kufuneka iphakanyiswe ngaphambi kokuba iqhubeke.
3. Ngaphambi kokulayisha imisebenzi, indlela yokubulala yesixhobo sokumba kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo ephakathi kwaye ilungiswe ngepleyiti yokutsala. Ngexesha lokulayisha, izixhobo eziphantsi kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Indawo yokuma kwevalve akufuneki isetyenziswe xa ingalo yokunyusa ibhakethi iphakanyiswa. Iivalvu zokusasaza zenkqubo yolawulo lwe-hydraulic zahlulwe zibe ziivalve ezine zangaphambili kunye nezine ezingasemva. Iivalve ezine zangaphambili zilawula abaphumayo, ukuphakamisa iingalo kunye neebhakethi zokulayisha, njl., kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukunyusa kwangaphandle kunye nemisebenzi yokulayisha; iivalvu ezine ngasemva zisebenzisa ii-emele, ukuxhela, kunye neendawo ezihambayo. Iingalo kunye neziphatho zebhakethi, njl., ezisetyenziselwa ukujikeleza kunye nemisebenzi yokwemba. Ukusebenza kwamandla koomatshini kunye nobuchule benkqubo ye-hydraulic ayivumeli kwaye akunakwenzeka ukwenza imisebenzi yokulayisha kunye nokumba ngexesha elifanayo.
4. Xa iivalve ezine zokuqala zisebenza, izivalo ezine zokugqibela akufunekanga zisebenze ngaxeshanye. Ngexesha lokuqhuba okanye ukusebenza, akukho mntu uvumelekileyo ukuba ahlale okanye eme naphi na kwisilayishi se-backhoe ngaphandle kwangaphandle kwekhebhu.
5. Ngokubanzi, abalayishi be-backhoe basebenzisa iitrektara ezinamavili njengenjini ephambili, kwaye baxhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokulayisha kunye nokugrumba ngaphambili nangasemva ngokulandelelanayo, okwandisa ubude kunye nobunzima bomatshini. Ngoko ke, ziphephe isantya esiphezulu okanye ujiko olubukhali xa uqhuba ukuthintela iingozi. Musa unxweme ngokungathathi hlangothi xa usehla. Xa intonga ye-hydraulic piston yebhakethi kunye ne-bucket handle igcinwe kwindawo eyongeziweyo ngokupheleleyo, ibhakethi inokusondezwa kwi-boom, kwaye isixhobo sokumba sikwimeko emfutshane, ekulungele ukuhamba. Xa uqhuba, i-outriggers kufuneka ihoxiswe ngokupheleleyo, isixhobo sokumba kufuneka sigxininiswe ngokuqinileyo, isixhobo sokulayisha kufuneka sithotywe, kwaye ibhakethi kunye nebhakethi yokuphatha i-hydraulic piston rods kufuneka ihlale kwindawo eyandisiweyo ngokupheleleyo.
6. Emva kokuba itrektara enamavili iguqulwe yaba sisilayishi se-backhoe, ubunzima betrektara buyanda kakhulu. Ukuze kuncitshiswe umonakalo kumavili phantsi komthwalo onzima, amanyathelo athathwayo ukugcina amavili angasemva emhlabeni xa upaka. Xa ixesha lokupaka lidlula, i-outriggers kufuneka iphakanyiswe ukuphakamisa amavili angasemva emhlabeni; xa ixesha lokupaka lidlula, amavili angasemva kufuneka aphakanyiswe phantsi kwaye kufuneka axhaswe ngeepads phantsi kokumiswa ngasemva.